AGENCY 027 - WEBCAM CHAT BOSNIA
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The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, ?????????? ????? ? ???????????, listen (help·info)) is one of the two political entities that compose the modern country of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the other entity is the Republika Srpska). The two entities are delineated by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is primarily inhabited by Bosniaks and Croats, which is why it is informally referred to as the Bosniak-Croat Federation. However, by decision of the Constitutional court in 2001, the Serbs were declared the third constituent ethnic group of the Federation. The same happened to Bosniaks and Croats in the Republika Srpska. The Federation was created by the Washington accords signed on March 18, 1994, which established a Constituent assembly (Ustavotvorna skupština/Ustavotvorbeni Sabor). The Constituent assembly continued its work until October 1996. The Federation now has its own capital, government, flag and coat of arms, president, parliament, customs and police departments, postal system (in fact, two of them), and airline (BH Airlines). It has its own army, the Vojska Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, though it is under the control of the state-level Bosnia-Herzegovina Ministry of Defense, as is the Vojska Republike Srpske. Entity armies (including Vojska Republike Srpske) should have been united by the end of the 2005 and entity-level Ministry of Defense and their armies should have been abolished by January 1, 2006. It now seems that a unified army will be created by the end of 2007,[4] although some units have already been merged.[5]
In 1995, Bosnian government forces and Bosnian Croat forces of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina defeated forces of the 'Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia', thus this area was also included in Federation. By the Dayton Agreement of 1995, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was defined as one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina and included 51% of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (another entity, Republika Srpska included 49%). On March 8, 2000, the Brcko District was formed as an autonomous entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina and it was created from part of the territory of both Bosnian entities. Brcko District is now a shared territory that belongs to both entities. Discussions about the institutional future of Bosnia and Herzegovina include several options, one of them favored by many Croats being the possible creation of a third, Croatian entity within BIH.
Una-Sana, Unsko-Sanski Kanton A significant portion of Brcko District was also part of the Federation; however, when the district was created, it became shared territory of both entities, but it was not placed under control of either of the two, and is hence under direct jurisdiction of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Currently the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has 79 municipalities.
Sarajevo
Bosniaks = 1,436,498 (52.1%) 1996 Bosniaks = 1,773,566 (72.5%) Institutions From 2003 until 2007 the president was Croat, Niko Lozancic of the HDZ party, whereas both the Bosniak (Sahbaz Džihanovic) and Serb (Desnica Radivojevic) Vice-presidents came from the SDA party. The current President is Croat, Borjana Krišto (HDZ), the Bosniak Vice-President is Mirsad Kebo (SDA) and the Serb Vice-President is Spomenka Micic (SBiH). The Cabinet has 16 members with carefully delineated nationality quotas. There are 8 Bosniak, 5 Croat and 3 Serb ministers in the current Government. The Prime minister from 2003 until 2007 was a Bosniak, Ahmet Hadžipašic of the SDA. As of March, 2007, the prime minister is Nedžad Brankovic, also Bosniak of the SDA. The Parliament consists of two houses, the House of Representatives and the House of Peoples. The House of Representatives is an elected body of 98 MPs, whereas the House of Peoples consists of Representatives delegated by the cantonal parliaments. Interestingly, a number of institutions in the Federation still function under the 'componental' system; there is a Croat postal system and a Bosniak postal system, a Croat telecom and a Bosniak telecom, a Croat army component and a Bosniak army component; however, recently many systems have been merged into one single public company, e.g. the pension system or the public broadcasting company of the Federation. Each of the cantons also has broad-ranging authorities, such as having its own courts and police forces. Federation currently has its own entity police force. Police systems including entity ministries of security of both entities are to be united by 2010 into a new state-level Ministry of Security and entity level police forces are to abolished and replaced with state level police force under regional control. Armies of both entities are under the control of a new state-level Ministry of Defence as of January 1, 2006.
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