The Commonwealth of Kentucky (IPA:
/k?n't?ki/) is a state located in the East Central United States
of America. Kentucky is normally included in the group of Southern
states (in particular the Upland South), but it is sometimes included,
geographically and culturally, in the Midwest.[3][4] Kentucky is
one of four U.S. states to be officially known as a commonwealth.
Originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 it became the 15th state
to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th largest state in terms of
land area, and ranks 26th in population.
Kentucky is known as the "Bluegrass State", a nickname
based on the fact that bluegrass is present in many of the lawns
and pastures throughout the state. It is a land with diverse environments
and abundant resources, including the world's longest cave system,
the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the Lower
48 states, and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi
River. It is also home to the highest per capita number of deer
and turkey in the United States, and the nation's most productive
coalfield. Kentucky is also known for thoroughbred horses, horse
racing, bourbon distilleries, bluegrass music, automobile manufacturing,
tobacco, and college basketball.
Contents [hide]
1 Origin of name
2 Geography
2.1 Climate
2.2 Lakes and rivers
2.3 Natural environment and conservation
2.4 Top tourist attractions in Kentucky
2.5 Significant natural attractions
3 History
4 Law and government
4.1 Government
4.1.1 State government
4.1.2 Federal representation
4.1.3 Political leanings
4.2 Law
5 Demographics
5.1 Race and ancestry
5.2 Religion
5.2.1 Religious movements
6 Economy
6.1 State taxes
6.2 "Unbridled Spirit"
7 Transportation
7.1 Roads
7.2 Rails
7.3 Air
7.4 Water
8 Counties
9 Cities and towns
10 Education
11 Culture
11.1 Music
11.2 Cuisine
12 Sports
13 State symbols
13.1 Official state places and events
14 Gallery
15 See also
16 References
17 Bibliography
17.1 Politics
17.2 History
17.2.1 Surveys and reference
17.2.2 Specialized scholarly studies
18 External links
[edit] Origin of name
Narrow country roads bounded by stone and wood plank fences are
a fixture in the Kentucky Bluegrass.The origin of Kentucky's name
(variously spelled Cane-tuck-ee, Cantucky, Kain-tuck-ee, and Kentuckee
before its modern spelling was accepted)[5] has never been definitively
identified, though some theories have been debunked. For example,
Kentucky's name does not come from the combination of "cane"
and "turkey"; and though it is the most popular belief,
it is unlikely to mean "dark and bloody ground" because
it isn't found in any known Indian language.[6] The most likely
etymology is that it comes from an Iroquoian word for "meadow"
or "prairie"[7][8] (c.f. Mohawk kenhtà:ke, Seneca
këhta’keh).[9] Other possibilities also exist: the suggestion
of early Kentucky pioneer George Rogers Clark that the name means
"the river of blood",[5] a Wyandot name meaning "land
of tomorrow", a Shawnee term possibly referring to the head
of a river,[10] or an Algonquian word for a river bottom.[6]
[edit] Geography
See also: List of Kentucky counties
Kentucky
Kentucky's regions (click on image for color coding information.)Kentucky
borders states of both the Midwest and the Southeast. West Virginia
lies to the east, Virginia to the southeast, Tennessee to the south,
Missouri to the west, Illinois and Indiana to the northwest, and
Ohio to the north and northeast. Kentucky's northern border is formed
by the Ohio River and its western border by the Mississippi River;
however, the official border is based on the courses of the rivers
as they existed when Kentucky became a state in 1792. In several
places, the border does not follow the current course of the appropriate
river. Northbound travelers on US 41 from Henderson, upon crossing
the Ohio River, will find themselves still in Kentucky until they
travel about a half-mile (800 m) farther north. A horse racing track,
Ellis Park, is located in this small piece of Kentucky. Waterworks
Road is part of the only land border between Indiana and Kentucky.
[2]
Kentucky is the only U.S. state to have a non-contiguous part exist
as an exclave surrounded by other states. Fulton County, in the
far west corner of the state, includes a small part of land, Kentucky
Bend, on the Mississippi River bordered by Missouri and accessible
via Tennessee, created by the New Madrid Earthquake.[11]
Kentucky can be divided into five primary regions: the Cumberland
Plateau in the east, the north-central Bluegrass region, the south-central
and western Pennyroyal Plateau, the Western Coal Fields and the
far-west Jackson Purchase. The Bluegrass region is commonly divided
into two regions, the Inner Bluegrass — the encircling 90
miles (145 km) around Lexington — and the Outer Bluegrass,
the region that contains most of the Northern portion of the state,
above the Knobs. Much of the outer Bluegrass is in the Eden Shale
Hills area, made up of short, steep, and very narrow hills.
Kentucky has 120 counties, third in the U.S. behind Texas' 254
and Georgia's 159.[12] The original motivation for having so many
counties was to ensure that residents in the days of poor roads
and horseback travel could make a round trip from their home to
the county seat and back in a single day.[13] Later, however, politics
began to play a part, with citizens who disagreed with the present
county government simply petitioning the state to create a new county.
The 1891 Kentucky Constitution placed stricter limits on county
creation, stipulating that a new county:
must have a land area of at least 400 square miles (1,000 km²);
must have a population of at least 12,000 people;
must not by its creation reduce the land area of an existing county
to less than 400 square miles (1,000 km²);
must not by its creation reduce the population of an existing county
to less than 12,000 people;
must not create a county boundary line that passes within 10 miles
(20 km) of an existing county seat.
These regulations have reined in the proliferation of counties in
Kentucky. Since the 1891 Constitution, only McCreary County has
been created.[14] Because today's largest county by area, Pike County,
is 788 square miles (2,041 km²), it is now impossible to create
a new county from a single existing county under the current constitution.
Any county created in this manner will by necessity either be smaller
than 400 square miles (1,000 km²) or reduce the land area of
the old county to less than 400 square miles (1,000 km²). It
is still theoretically possible to form a new county from portions
of more than one existing county (McCreary County was created from
portions of three counties), but the area and boundary restrictions
would make this extremely difficult.
[edit] Climate
Located within the southeastern interior portion of North America,
Kentucky has a climate that can best be described as a humid subtropical
climate (Koppen Cfa), or that all monthly average high temperatures
are above freezing. Monthly average temperatures in Kentucky range
from a summer daytime high of 87 °F (30.9 °C) to a winter
low of 23 °F (-4.9 °C). The average precipitation is 46
inches (116.84 cm) a year.[15] Kentucky experiences all four seasons,
usually with striking variations in the severity of summer and winter
from year to year. In fact, it is not unusual to see marked changes
in temperature and weather conditions within the same day, leading
many locals to observe, "If you don't like the weather, just
wait a few hours and it will change."[16]
Event Death Toll
Louisville Tornado of 1890 est. 76–120+
April 3, 1974 Tornado Outbreak 72
March 1, 1997 Flooding 18
February 2008 tornado outbreak 7
Major weather events that have affected Kentucky include:
The Mid-Mississippi Valley Tornado Outbreak of March 1890
The Ohio River flood of 1937
The Super Outbreak of tornadoes in 1974
Massive flooding in 1997
The North American blizzard of 2003 (mostly ice in Kentucky)
Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various Kentucky Cities
City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Lexington 40/24 45/28 55/36 65/44 74/54 82/62 86/66 85/65 78/58
67/46 54/37 44/28
Louisville 41/25 47/28 57/37 67/46 75/56 83/65 87/70 86/68 79/61
68/48 56/39 45/30
Paducah 42/24 48/28 58/37 68/46 77/55 85/64 89/68 87/65 81/57 71/45
57/36 46/28
Pikeville 46/23 50/25 60/32 69/39 77/49 84/58 87/63 86/62 80/56
71/42 60/33 49/26
Ashland 42/19 47/21 57/29 68/37 77/47 84/56 88/61 87/59 80/52 69/40
57/31 46/23
[3]
[edit] Lakes and rivers
Lake Cumberland is the largest artificial lake, in terms of volume,
east of the Mississippi River.Kentucky’s 90,000 miles (140,000
km) of streams provides one of the most expansive and complex stream
systems in the nation. Kentucky has both the largest artificial
lake east of the Mississippi in water volume (Lake Cumberland) and
surface area (Kentucky Lake). It is the only U.S. state to be bordered
on three sides by rivers — the Mississippi River to the west,
the Ohio River to the north, and the Big Sandy River and Tug Fork
to the east.[17] Its major internal rivers include the Kentucky
River, Tennessee River, Cumberland River, Green River, and Licking
River.
Though it has only three major natural lakes,[18] the state is
home to many artificial lakes. Kentucky also has more navigable
miles of water than any other state in the union, other than Alaska.[19]
[edit] Natural environment and conservation
Kentucky has an expansive park system which includes one national
park, two National Recreation areas, two National Historic Parks,
two national forests, 45 state parks, 37,696 acres (153 km²)
of state forest, and 82 Wildlife Management Areas.
Kentucky has been part of two of the most successful wildlife reintroduction
projects in United States history. In the winter of 1997, the state's
eastern counties began to re-stock elk, which had been extinct from
the area for over 150 years. As of 2006, the state's herd was estimated
at 5,700 animals, the largest herd east of the Mississippi River.[20]
The state also stocked wild turkeys in the 1950s. Once extinct
in the state, today Kentucky has more turkeys per capita than any
other eastern state.
[edit] Top tourist attractions in Kentucky
Place Visitors per year
City of Louisville 7 million
Lake Cumberland 5 million[21]
Land Between the Lakes 4 million[22]
Mammoth Cave National Park 2 million[23]
Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area 2 million
Red River Gorge / Natural Bridge 1.5 million
[edit] Significant natural attractions
Cumberland Gap, chief passageway through the Appalachian Mountains
in early American history.
Cumberland Falls State Park, one of the few places in the Western
Hemisphere where a "moon-bow" may be regularly seen.[24]
Mammoth Cave National Park, featuring the world's longest cave system.[25]
Red River Gorge Geological Area, part of the Daniel Boone National
Forest.
Land Between the Lakes, a National Recreation Area managed by the
United States Forest Service.
Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest a 14,000 acre (57 km²)
arboretum, forest and nature preserve located in Clermont.[26]
Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site in Hodgenville.
Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area near Whitley City.
Trail of Tears National Historic Trail also passes through Kentucky.
Black Mountain, state's highest point.[2] Runs along the border
of Harlan and Letcher counties.
Bad Branch Falls State Nature Preserve, 2,639-acre (11 km²)
state nature preserve on southern slope of Pine Mountain in Letcher
County. Includes one of the largest concentrations of rare and endangered
species in the state,[27] as well as a 60-foot (18 m) waterfall
and a Kentucky Wild River.
Jefferson Memorial Forest, located south of Louisville in the Knobs
region, the largest municipally run forest in the United States.[28]
Green River Lake State Park, located in Taylor County.
Lake Cumberland, 1,255 miles (2,020 km) of shoreline located in
South Central Kentucky.
[edit] History
Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers through the Cumberland Gap (George
Caleb Bingham, oil on canvas, 1851–52).
Both Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis were born in Kentucky.Main
article: History of Kentucky
See also: Kentucky in the American Civil War, Kentucky Historical
Society, and Hatfield-McCoy feud
Although inhabited by Native Americans in prehistoric times, when
explorers and settlers began entering Kentucky in the mid-1700s,
there were no major Native American settlements in the region.[29]
Instead, the country was used as hunting grounds by Shawnees from
the north and Cherokees from the south. Much of what is now Kentucky
was purchased from Native Americans in the treaties of Fort Stanwix
(1768) and Sycamore Shoals (1775).[30] Thereafter, Kentucky grew
rapidly as the first settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains
were founded, with settlers (primarily from Virginia, North Carolina,
Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania) entering the region either
over land via Braddock Road and the Cumberland Gap, or by water
down the Ohio River from points upstream, or up the Ohio River from
the Mississippi. The first part to be settled was the northern part,
along the Ohio River, with Lexington and Washington being the first
major settlements. A detailed account of this can be read in the
memoirs of Spencer Records. Next, the southern part of the state
was settled, via the Wilderness Trail, which went along the Great
Appalachian Valley and across the Cumberland Gap, blazed by Daniel
Boone, traditionally considered one of the founders of the state.[31]
Shawnees north of the Ohio River, however, were unhappy about the
settlement of Kentucky, and allied themselves with the British in
the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).[32] Kentucky was
a battleground during the war; the Battle of Blue Licks, one of
the last major battles of the Revolution, was fought in Kentucky.[33]
After the American Revolution, the counties of Virginia beyond
the Appalachian Mountains became known as Kentucky County.[34] Eventually,
the residents of Kentucky County petitioned for a separation from
Virginia. Ten constitutional conventions were held in the Constitution
Square Courthouse in Danville between 1784 and 1792. In 1790, Kentucky's
delegates accepted Virginia's terms of separation, and a state constitution
was drafted at the final convention in April 1792. On June 1, 1792,
Kentucky became the fifteenth state to be admitted to the union
and Isaac Shelby, a military veteran from Virginia, was elected
the first Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.[35]
Kentucky was a border state during the American Civil War.[36]
Although frequently described as never having seceded, a group of
Kentucky soldiers stationed at Russellville did pass an Ordinance
of Secession under the moniker "Convention of the People of
Kentucky" on November 20, 1861,[37] establishing a Confederate
government for the state with its capital in Bowling Green.[38]
Though Kentucky was represented by the central star on the Confederate
battle flag.[39] the legitimacy of the Russellville Convention may
well be questioned. Only a year earlier, philosopher Karl Marx wrote
in a letter to Friedrich Engels that the result of a vote deciding
how Kentucky would be represented at a convention of the border
states was "100,000 for the Union ticket, only a few thousand
for secession."[40] Kentucky officially remained "neutral"
throughout the war due to Union sympathies of many of the Commonwealth's
citizens. Even today, however, Confederate Memorial Day is observed
by some in Kentucky on Jefferson Davis' birthday, June 3.[41]
Designed by the Washington Monument's architect Robert Mills in
1845, the U.S. Marine Hospital in Louisville is considered the best
remaining antebellum hospital in the United StatesOn January 30,
1900, Governor William Goebel, flanked by two bodyguards, was mortally
wounded by an assailant while walking to the State Capitol in downtown
Frankfort. Goebel was in the process of contesting the election
of 1899, initially assumed to be won by William S. Taylor. For several
months, J. C. W. Beckham, Goebel's running mate, and Taylor fought
over who was the real governor until the Supreme Court of the United
States decided in May that Beckham was the rightful governor. Taylor
fled to Indiana and was later indicted as a co-conspirator in Goebel's
assassination. Goebel remains the only governor of a U.S. state
to have been assassinated while in office.[42]
[edit] Law and government
[edit] Government
Kentucky is one of only five states that elects its state officials
in odd numbered years (The others are Louisiana, Mississippi, New
Jersey, and Virginia). Kentucky holds elections for these offices
every 4 years in the years preceding Presidential election years.
Thus, the last year when Kentucky elected a Governor was 2007; the
next gubernatorial election will occur in 2011, with future gubernatorial
elections to take place in 2015, 2019, 2023, etc.
[edit] State government
The Kentucky State Capitol building in FrankfortKentucky's legislative
branch consists of a bicameral body known as the Kentucky General
Assembly. The Senate is considered the upper house. It has 38 members,
and is led by the President of the Senate, currently Republican
David L. Williams. The House of Representatives has 100 members,
and is led by the Speaker of the House, currently Democrat Jody
Richards.
The executive branch is headed by the governor and lieutenant governor.
Under the current Kentucky Constitution, the lieutenant governor
assumes the duties of the governor only if the governor is incapacitated.
(Prior to 1992, the lieutenant governor assumed power any time the
governor was out of the state.) The governor and lieutenant governor
usually run on a single ticket (also per a 1992 constitutional amendment),
and are elected to four-year terms. Currently, the governor and
lieutenant governor are Democrats Steve Beshear and Daniel Mongiardo.
The judicial branch of Kentucky is made up of courts of limited
jurisdiction called District Courts; courts of general jurisdiction
called Circuit Courts; an intermediate appellate court, the Kentucky
Court of Appeals; and a court of last resort, the Kentucky Supreme
Court. Unlike federal judges, who are usually appointed, justices
serving on Kentucky state courts are chosen by the state's populace
in non-partisan elections.
The state's chief prosecutor, law enforcement officer, and law
officer is the attorney general. The attorney general is elected
to a four-year term and may serve two consecutive terms under the
current Kentucky Constitution. The current Kentucky attorney general
is Democrat Jack Conway.
[edit] Federal representation
A map showing Kentucky's six congressional districtsKentucky's two
Senators are Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and Jim Bunning,
both Republicans. The state is divided into six Congressional Districts,
represented by Republicans Ed Whitfield (1st), Ron Lewis (2nd),
Geoff Davis (4th), and Hal Rogers (5th), and Democrats John Yarmuth
(3rd) and Ben Chandler (6th).
Judicially, Kentucky is split into two Federal court districts:
the Kentucky Eastern District and the Kentucky Western District.
Appeals are heard in the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals based in
Cincinnati, Ohio.
[edit] Political leanings
Where politics are concerned, Kentucky historically has been very
hard fought and leaned slightly toward the Democratic Party, although
it was never included among the "Solid South." In 2006,
57.05% of the state's voters were officially registered as Democrats,
36.55% registered Republican, and 6.39% registered with some other
political party.[43]
Kentucky has voted Republican in five of the last seven presidential
elections but has supported the Democratic candidates of the South.
The Commonwealth supported Democrats Jimmy Carter in 1976, and Bill
Clinton in 1992 and 1996, but Republican George W. Bush in 2000
and 2004. Bush won the state's 8 electoral votes overwhelmingly
in 2004 by a margin of 20 percentage points and 59.6% of the vote.[44]
[edit] Law
Kentucky's body of laws, known as the Kentucky Revised Statutes
(KRS), were enacted in 1942 to better organize and clarify the whole
of Kentucky law.[45] The statutes are enforced by local police,
sheriffs, constables, deputy sheriffs and deputy constables. Unless
they have completed a police academy elsewhere, these officers are
required to complete training at the Kentucky Department of Criminal
Justice Training Center on the campus of Eastern Kentucky University.[46]
Additionally, in 1948, the Kentucky General Assembly established
the Kentucky State Police, making it the 38th state to create a
force whose jurisdiction extends throughout the given state.[47]
Kentucky is one of 38 states in the United States that sanctions
the death penalty for certain crimes. Criminals convicted after
March 31, 1998 are always executed by lethal injection; those convicted
before this date may opt for the electric chair.[48] Only two people
have been executed in Kentucky since the U.S. Supreme Court reinstituted
the practice in 1976. The most notable execution in Kentucky, however,
was that of Rainey Bethea on August 14, 1936. Bethea was publicly
hanged in Owensboro for the rape and murder of Lischia Edwards.[49]
Irregularities with the execution led to this becoming the last
public execution in the United States.[50]
Kentucky has been on the front lines of the debate over displaying
the Ten Commandments on public property. In the 2005 case of McCreary
County v. ACLU of Kentucky, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the decision
of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals that a display of the Ten
Commandments in the Whitley City courthouse of McCreary County was
unconstitutional.[51] Later that year, Judge Richard Fred Suhrheinrich,
writing for the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in the case of ACLU
of Kentucky v. Mercer County, wrote that a display including the
Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, the Ten Commandments,
the Magna Carta, The Star-Spangled Banner, and the national motto
could be erected in the Mercer County courthouse.[52]
[edit] Demographics
Kentucky Population Density Map.Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1790 73,677 —
1800 220,955 199.9%
1810 406,511 84.0%
1820 564,317 38.8%
1830 687,917 21.9%
1840 779,828 13.4%
1850 982,405 26.0%
1860 1,155,684 17.6%
1870 1,321,011 14.3%
1880 1,648,690 24.8%
1890 1,858,635 12.7%
1900 2,147,174 15.5%
1910 2,289,905 6.6%
1920 2,416,630 5.5%
1930 2,614,589 8.2%
1940 2,845,627 8.8%
1950 2,944,806 3.5%
1960 3,038,156 3.2%
1970 3,218,706 5.9%
1980 3,660,777 13.7%
1990 3,685,296 0.7%
2000 4,041,769 9.7%
Est. 2006 4,206,074 4.1%
http://ukcc.uky.edu/~census/21109.txt
As of July 1, 2006, Kentucky has an estimated population of 4,206,074,
which is an increase of 33,466, or 0.8%, from the prior year and
an increase of 164,586, or 4.1%, since the year 2000. This includes
a natural increase since the last census of 77,156 people (that
is 287,222 births minus 210,066 deaths) and an increase due to net
migration of 59,604 people into the state. Immigration from outside
the United States resulted in a net increase of 27,435 people, and
migration within the country produced a net increase of 32,169 people.
As of 2004, Kentucky's population included about 95,000 foreign-born
(2.3%).
Since 1900, rural Kentucky counties have experienced a net loss
of over 1 million people, while urban areas have experienced a slight
net gain in population.[53]
The center of population of Kentucky is located in Washington County,
in the city of Willisburg.[54]
[edit] Race and ancestry
The five largest ancestries in the commonwealth are: American (20.9%)
(Mostly of British ancestry), German (12.7%), Irish (10.5%) (Most
actually of Scots-Irish descent), English (9.7%), African American
(7.8%). Only eight Kentucky counties list an ancestry other than
"American" as the county's largest, those being Christian
and Fulton, where African American is the largest reported ancestry,
and the state's most urban counties of Jefferson, Oldham, Fayette,
Boone, Kenton, and Campbell, where German is the largest reported
ancestry.[55]
African Americans, who made up one-fourth of Kentucky's population
prior to the Civil War, declined in number as many moved to the
industrial North in the Great Migration. Today 44.2% of Kentucky's
African American population is in Jefferson County and 52% are in
the Louisville Metro Area. Other areas with high concentrations,
besides Christian and Fulton Counties, are the city of Paducah,
the Bluegrass, and the city of Lexington. Many mining communities
in far Southeastern Kentucky also have populations between five
and 10 percent African American.
Demographics of Kentucky (csv)
By race White Black AIAN Asian NHPI
AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native — NHPI is Native
Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
2000 (total population) 91.53% 7.76% 0.61% 0.92% 0.08%
2000 (Hispanic only) 1.35% 0.10% 0.04% 0.02% 0.01%
2005 (total population) 91.27% 7.98% 0.58% 1.10% 0.08%
2005 (Hispanic only) 1.80% 0.12% 0.04% 0.03% 0.01%
Growth 2000–2005 (total population) 2.97% 6.16% -2.21% 23.46%
9.78%
Growth 2000–2005 (non-Hispanic only) 2.44% 5.94% -3.28% 23.07%
7.98%
Growth 2000–2005 (Hispanic only) 37.97% 22.34% 13.51% 38.48%
19.80%
[edit] Religion
Lexington Theological Seminary (then College of the Bible), 1904.In
2000, The Association of Religion Data Archives reported[56] that
of Kentucky's 4,041,769 residents:
33.68% were members of evangelical Protestant churches
Southern Baptist Convention (979,994 members, 24.25%)
Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ (106,638 members,
2.64%)
Church of Christ (58,602 members, 1.45%)
10.05% were Roman Catholics
8.77% belonged to mainline Protestant churches
United Methodist Church (208,720 members, 5.16%)
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) (67,611 members, 1.67%)
0.05% were members of orthodox churches
0.88% were affiliated with other theologies
46.57% were not affiliated with any church.
Today Kentucky is home to several seminaries. Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary in Louisville is the principal seminary for the Southern
Baptist Convention. Louisville is also the home of the Louisville
Presbyterian Theological Seminary. Lexington has two seminaries,
Lexington Theological Seminary, and the Baptist Seminary of Kentucky.
Asbury Theological Seminary is located in nearby Wilmore. In addition
to seminaries, there are several colleges affiliated with denominations.
Transylvania in Lexington is affiliated with the Disciples of Christ.
In Louisville, Bellarmine and Spalding are affiliated with the Roman
Catholic Church. In Owensboro, Kentucky, Kentucky Wesleyan College
is associated with the Methodist Church and Brescia University is
associated with the Roman Catholic Church. Louisville is also home
to the headquarters of the Presbyterian Church (USA) and their printing
press. Louisville is also home to a sizable Jewish population.
[edit] Religious movements
Religious movements were important in the early history of Kentucky.
Perhaps the most famous event was the interdenominational revival
in August 1801 at the Cane Ridge Meeting house in Bourbon County.
As part of what is now known as the "Western Revival",
thousands began meeting around a Presbyterian communion service
on August 6, 1801, and ended six days later on August 12, 1801 when
both humans and horses ran out of food.[57] Some claim that the
Cane Ridge revival was propagated from an earlier camp meeting at
Red River Meeting House in Logan County.[58]
[edit] Economy
The best selling car in the United States, the Toyota Camry, is
manufactured in Georgetown, Kentucky.
The best selling truck in the United States, the Ford F-Series,
is manufactured in Louisville, Kentucky.The total gross state product
for 2006 was US$146 billion, 27th in the nation. Its per-capita
personal income was US$28,513, 43rd in the nation.[59] Kentucky's
agricultural outputs are horses, cattle, tobacco, dairy products,
hogs, soybeans, and corn. Its industrial outputs are transportation
equipment, chemical products, electric equipment, machinery, food
processing, tobacco products, coal, and tourism. The Eastern Kentucky
Coal Fields are recognized as being among the most productive in
the nation.
Kentucky ranks 4th among U.S. states in the number of automobiles
and trucks assembled.[60] The Chevrolet Corvette, Cadillac XLR,
Ford Explorer, Ford Super Duty trucks, Toyota Camry, Toyota Avalon,
and Toyota Solara are assembled in Kentucky.
Unlike many bordering states which developed a widespread industrial
economy, much of rural Kentucky has maintained a farm based economy,
with cattle, corn, and soybeans being the main crops. The area immediately
outside Lexington is also the leading region for breeding Thoroughbred
racing horses, due to the high calcium content in the soil. Despite
being the 14th smallest state in terms of land area, Kentucky still
ranks 5th in the total number of farms, with more farms per square
mile than any other U.S. state.[61] The average farm size in Kentucky
is only 153 acres (0.6 km²).[62]
Kentucky ranks 5th nationally in goat farming, 8th in beef cattle
production[63] , and 14th in corn production.[64]
[edit] State taxes
There are 5 income tax brackets, ranging from 2% to 6% of personal
income.[65] The sales tax rate in Kentucky is 6%.[66] Kentucky has
a broadly based classified property tax system. All classes of property,
unless exempted by the Constitution, are taxed by the state, although
at widely varying rates.[67] Many of these classes are exempted
from taxation by local government. Of the classes that are subject
to local taxation, three have special rates set by the General Assembly,
one by the Kentucky Supreme Court and the remaining classes are
subject to the full local rate, which includes the tax rate set
by the local taxing bodies plus all voted levies. Real property
is assessed on 100% of the fair market value and property taxes
are due by December 31. Once the primary source of state and local
government revenue, property taxes now account for only about 6%
of the Kentucky's annual General Fund revenues.[68]
Until January 1, 2006, Kentucky imposed a tax on intangible personal
property held by a taxpayer on January 1 of each year. The Kentucky
intangible tax was repealed under House Bill 272.[69] Intangible
property consisted of any property or investment which represents
evidence of value or the right to value. Some types of intangible
property included: bonds, notes, retail repurchase agreements, accounts
receivable, trusts, enforceable contracts sale of real estate (land
contracts), money in hand, money in safe deposit boxes, annuities,
interests in estates, loans to stockholders, and commercial paper.
[edit] "Unbridled Spirit"
Kentucky state welcome signTo boost Kentucky’s image, give
it a consistent reach, and help Kentucky stand out from the crowd"
the Fletcher administration launched a comprehensive branding campaign
with the hope of making its $12 - $14 million advertising budget
more effective. The "Unbridled Spirit" brand was the result
of a $500,000 contract with New West, a Kentucky-based public relations
advertising and marketing firm to develop a viable brand and tag
line. The administration has been aggressively marketing the brand
in both the public and private sectors. The "Welcome to Kentucky"
signs at border areas have Unbridled Spirit's symbol on them.
The previous campaign was neither a failure nor a success. Kentucky's
"It's that friendly" slogan hoped to draw more people
into the state based of the idea of southern hospitality. Though
most Kentuckians liked the slogan, as it embraced southern values,
it was also not an image that encouraged tourism as much as initially
hoped for. Therefore it was necessary to reconfigure a slogan to
embrace Kentucky as a whole while also encouraging more people to
visit the Bluegrass.[70]
[edit] Transportation
[edit] Roads
At 464 miles (747 km) long, Kentucky Route 80 is the longest route
in Kentucky, pictured here west of Somerset.See also: List of Kentucky
State Highways
Kentucky is served by five major interstate highways (I-75, I-71,
I-64, I-65, I-24), nine parkways, and three bypasses and spurs.
The parkways were originally toll roads, but on November 22, 2006,
Governor Ernie Fletcher ended the toll charges on the William H.
Natcher Parkway and the Audubon Parkway, the last two parkways in
Kentucky to charge tolls for access.[71] The related toll booths
have been demolished.[72]
Ending the tolls some seven months ahead of schedule was generally
agreed to have been a positive economic development for transportation
in Kentucky. In June 2007, a law went into effect raising the speed
limit on rural portions of Kentucky Interstates from 65 to 70 miles
per hour, with signs expected to be changed by mid-July.[73]
[edit] Rails
High Bridge over the Kentucky River was the tallest rail bridge
in the world when it was completed in 1877.See also: List of Kentucky
railroads
Ashland, Kentucky (Amtrak station)
South Portsmouth-South Shore (Amtrak station)
Fulton (Amtrak station)
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to
Ashland, South Portsmouth and Fulton, Kentucky. The Cardinal, Trains
50 and 51, is the line that offers Amtrak service to Ashland and
South Portsmouth. Amtrak Trains 58 and 59, the City of New Orleans
serves Fulton. The Northern Kentucky area, is served by the Cardinal
at the Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal. The Museum Center
is just across the Ohio River in Cincinnati.
As of 2004, there were approximately 2,640 miles (4,250.4 km) of
railways in Kentucky, with about 65% of those being operated by
CSX Transportation. Coal was by far the most common cargo, accounting
for 76% of cargo loaded and 61% of cargo delivered.[74]
Bardstown features a tourist attraction known as My Old Kentucky
Dinner Train. Run along a 20-mile (30 km) stretch of rail purchased
from CSX in 1987, guests are served a four-course meal as they make
a two-and-a-half hour round-trip between Bardstown and Limestone
Springs.[75] The Kentucky Railway Museum is located in nearby New
Haven.[76]
Other areas in Kentucky are reclaiming old railways in rail trail
projects. One such project is Louisville's Big Four Bridge. If completed,
the Big Four Bridge rail trail will contain the second longest pedestrian-only
bridge in the world.[77] The longest pedestrian-only bridge is also
found in Kentucky — the Newport Southbank Bridge, popularly
known as the "Purple People Bridge", connecting Newport
to Cincinnati, Ohio.[78]
[edit] Air
See also: List of airports in Kentucky
Kentucky's primary airports include Louisville International Airport
(Standiford Field), Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport,
and Blue Grass Airport. Louisville International Airport is home
to UPS's Worldport, its international air-sorting hub.[79] There
are also a number of regional airports scattered across the state.
On August 27, 2006, Kentucky's Blue Grass Airport in Lexington
was the site of a crash that killed 47 passengers and 2 crew members
aboard a Bombardier Canadair Regional Jet designated Comair Flight
5191.[80] The lone survivor was the flight's first officer, James
Polehinke, who doctors determined to be brain damaged and unable
to recall the crash at all.[81] The NTSB's report has not yet been
released, but reports state that the air traffic controller on duty
at the time of the crash was working on approximately two hours
of sleep[82] with outdated charts of the airport.[83] According
to FAA rules, should have been working alongside another controller,
which he was not.[84]
[edit] Water
A barge hauling coal in the Louisville and Portland Canal, the only
man made section of the Ohio RiverBeing bounded by the two largest
rivers in North America, water transportation has historically played
a major role in Kentucky's economy. Most barge traffic on Kentucky
waterways consists of coal that is shipped from both the Eastern
and Western Coalfields, about half of which is used locally to power
many power plants located directly off the Ohio River, with the
rest being exported to other countries, most notably Japan.
Many of the largest ports in the United States are located in or
adjacent to Kentucky, including
Huntington-Ashland, largest inland port and 7th largest overall
Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky, 5th largest inland port and 43rd overall
Louisville-Southern Indiana, 7th largest inland port and 55th overall
As a state, Kentucky ranks 10th overall in port tonage.[85][86]
The only natural obstacle along the entire length of the Ohio River
was the Falls of the Ohio, located just west of Downtown Louisville.
[edit] Counties
See also: List of counties in Kentucky and Fiscal Court
Kentucky is subdivided into 120 counties, the largest being Pike
County, Kentucky at 787.6 square miles, and the most populous being
Jefferson County, Kentucky (the county containing Louisville Metro)
with 693,604 residents as of 2000.[87]
County government, under the Kentucky Constitution of 1891, is
vested in a County Judge (later renamed County Judge/Executive),
who serves as the executive head of the county, and a legislature
called a Fiscal Court. Despite the unusual name, the Fiscal Court
no longer has judicial functions.
[edit] Cities and towns
15 Largest Cities[88][89] 2006 Population
Louisville 554,496
Lexington 270,789
Owensboro 55,525
Bowling Green 53,176
Covington 42,797
Richmond 31,431
Henderson 27,915
Hopkinsville 27,415
Frankfort 27,077
Florence 26,929
Jeffersontown 25,907
Paducah 25,661
Nicholasville 24,791
Elizabethtown 23,406
Ashland 21,570
See also: List of cities in Kentucky
The Greater Louisville Metro Area holds a very disproportionate
share of Kentucky's population, growth and wealth, and is by definition
Kentucky's primate city. The city has a 2006 estimated population
of 554,496, while the Louisville Combined Statistical Area (CSA)
has a population of 1,356,798; including 1,003,025 in Kentucky,
which is nearly 1/4 of the state's population. Since 2000 over 1/3
of the state's population growth has occurred in the Louisville
CSA. In addition, the top 28 wealthiest places in Kentucky are in
Jefferson County and seven of the 15 wealthiest counties in the
state are located in the Louisville CSA.[90]
The second largest city is Lexington with a 2006 census estimated
population of 270,789 and its CSA having a population of 645,006.
The Northern Kentucky area (the seven Kentucky counties in the Cincinnati
CSA) had an estimated population of 408,783 in 2006. The metropolitan
areas of Louisville, Lexington, and Northern Kentucky have a combined
population of 2,169,394 as of 2006, which is 51.5% of the state's
total population.
The two other fast growing urban areas in Kentucky are the Bowling
Green area and the "Tri Cities Region" of southeastern
Kentucky, comprised of Somerset, London, and Corbin.
Although only one town in the "Tri Cities", namely Somerset,
currently has more than 10,000 people, the area has been experiencing
heightened population and job growth since the 1990s. Growth has
been especially rapid in Laurel County, which outgrew areas such
as Scott and Jessamine counties around Lexington or Shelby and Nelson
Counties around Louisville. London is currently on pace to double
its population in the 2000s from 5,692 in 2000 to 10,879 in 2010.
London also landed a Wal-Mart distribution center in 1997, bringing
thousands of jobs to the community.
In northeast Kentucky, the greater Ashland area is an important
transportation, manufacturing, and medical center. Iron and petroleum
production, as well as the transport of coal by rail and barge,
have been historical pillars of the region's economy. Due to a decline
in the area's industrial base, Ashland has seen a sizable reduction
in its population since 1990. The population of the area has since
stabilized, however, with the medical service industry taking a
greater role in the local economy. The Ashland area, including the
counties of Boyd and Greenup, are part of the Huntington-Ashland,
WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census,
the MSA had a population of 288,649. About 20,000 of those people
reside within the city limits of Ashland.
Only three US states have capitols with smaller populations than
Kentucky's Frankfort (pop. 27,408), those being Augusta, Maine (pop.
18,560), Pierre, South Dakota (pop. 13,876), and Montpelier, Vermont
(pop. 8,035).
Population growth is centered along and between interstates I-65
and I-75.
Louisville is the state's largest city with a metro population of
1.2 million.
Lexington is the state's second largest city with a metro population
of around 500,000.
Although Covington, Kentucky only has a population of 42,000, the
Kentucky side of the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky metropolitan area
has a population of 400,000.
[edit] Education
The University of Kentucky is Kentucky's flagship university
The University of Louisville is Kentucky's urban research universityMain
article: Education in Kentucky
See also: List of colleges and universities in Kentucky, List of
high schools in Kentucky, and List of school districts in Kentucky
Kentucky maintains eight public four-year colleges and universities.
The two major research institutions are the University of Kentucky,
which is the land grant system, and the University of Louisville.
Both combine for over 99% of endowment in the system and rank first
or second in academic rankings and average ACT scores in the state
system. The other six colleges in the state system are regional
universities.
The state's sixteen public two-year colleges have been governed
by the Kentucky Community and Technical College System since the
passage of the Postsecondary Education Improvement Act of 1997,
commonly referred to as House Bill 1.[91] Prior to the passage of
House Bill 1, most of these colleges were under the control of the
University of Kentucky.
Berea College, located at the extreme southern edge of the Bluegrass
below the Cumberland Plateau, was the first coeducational college
in the South to admit both black and white students, doing so from
its very establishment in 1855.[92] This policy was successfully
challenged in the United State Supreme Court in the case of Berea
College v. Kentucky in 1908.[93] This decision effectively segregated
Berea until the landmark Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
Kentucky has been the site of much educational reform over the
past two decades. In 1989, the Kentucky Supreme Court ruled that
the state's education system was unconstitutional.[94] The response
of the General Assembly was passage of the Kentucky Education Reform
Act (KERA) the following year. Years later, Kentucky has shown progress,
but most agree that further reform is needed.[95]
[edit] Culture
Old Louisville is the largest Victorian Historic neighborhood in
the United States.See also: Theater in Kentucky
Although Kentucky's culture is generally considered to be Southern,
it is unique and also influenced by the Midwest and Southern Appalachia.
The state is known for bourbon and whiskey distiling, tobacco, horse
racing, and gambling. Kentucky is more similar to the Upper South
in terms of ancestry which is predominantly American.[96] Neveretheless,
during the 19th century, the state Kentucky did receive a substantial
number of German and Irish immigrants, who settled primarily in
the Midwest. Only Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, and Oklahoma,
all also border states, have higher German ancestry percentages
than Kentucky among Census-defined Southern states.[97] Kentucky
was a slave state, and blacks once comprised over one-quarter of
its population. However, it lacked the cotton plantation system
and never had the same high percentage of African Americans as most
other slave states. With less than 8% of its current population
being black, Kentucky is rarely included in modern-day definitions
of the Black Belt, despite a relatively significant rural African
American population in the Central and Western areas of the state.[98][99][100]
Kentucky adopted the Jim Crow system of racial segregation in most
public spheres after the Civil War, but the state never disenfranchised
African American citizens to the level of the Deep South states,
and it peacefully integrated its schools after the 1954 Brown v.
Board of Education verdict, later adopting the first state civil
rights act in the South in 1966.[101]
The biggest day in horse racing, the Kentucky Derby, is preceded
by the two-week Kentucky Derby Festival[102] in Louisville. Louisville
also plays host to the Kentucky State Fair,[103] the Kentucky Shakespeare
Festival,[104] and Southern gospel's annual highlight, the National
Quartet Convention.[105] Owensboro, Kentucky's third largest city,
gives credence to its nickname of "Barbecue Capital of the
World" by hosting the annual International Bar-B-Q Festival.[106]
Bowling Green, Kentucky's fifth largest city and home to the only
assembly plant in the world that manufactures the Chevrolet Corvette,[107]
opened the National Corvette Museum in 1994.[108]
Old Louisville, the largest historic preservation district in the
United States featuring Victorian architecture and the third largest
overall,[109] hosts the St. James Court Art Show, the largest outdoor
art show in the United States.[110] The neighborhood was also home
to the Southern Exposition (1883–1887), which featured the
first public display of Thomas Edison's light bulb,[111] and was
the setting of Alice Hegan Rice's novel, Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage
Patch and Fontaine Fox's comic strip, the "Toonerville Trolley.[112]
The more rural communities are not without traditions of their
own, however. Hodgenville, the birthplace of Abraham Lincoln, hosts
the annual Lincoln Days Celebration, and will also host the kick-off
for the National Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Celebration in February
2008. Bardstown celebrates its heritage as a major bourbon-producing
region with the Kentucky Bourbon Festival.[113] (Legend holds that
Baptist minister Elijah Craig invented bourbon with his black slave
in Georgetown, but some dispute this claim.)[114] Glasgow mimics
Glasgow, Scotland by hosting the Glasgow Highland Games, its own
version of the Highland Games,[115] and Sturgis hosts "Little
Sturgis", a mini version of Sturgis, South Dakota's annual
Sturgis Motorcycle Rally.[116] The residents of tiny Benton even
pay tribute to their favorite tuber, the sweet potato, by hosting
Tater Day.[117] Residents of Clarkson in Grayson County celebrate
their city's ties to the honey industry by celebrating the Clarkson
Honeyfest.[118] The Clarkson Honeyfest is held the last Thursday,
Friday and Saturday in September, and is the "Official State
Honey Festival of Kentucky."
[edit] Music
Main article: Music of Kentucky
See also: Category:Kentucky musicians
The breadth of music in Kentucky is indeed wide, stretching from
the Purchase to the eastern mountains.
Renfro Valley, Kentucky is home to Renfro Valley Entertainment
Center and the Kentucky Music Hall of Fame and is known as "Kentucky's
Country Music Capital," a designation given it by the Kentucky
State Legislature in the late 1980s. The Renfro Valley Barn Dance
was where Renfro Valley's musical heritage began, in 1939, and influential
country music luminaries like Red Foley, Homer & Jethro, Lily
May Ledford & the Original Coon Creek Girls, Martha Carson,
and many others have performed as regular members of the shows there
over the years. The Renfro Valley Gatherin' is today America's second
oldest continually broadcast radio program of any kind. It is broadcast
on local radio station WRVK and a syndicated network of nearly 200
other stations across the United States and Canada every week.
Contemporary Christian music star Steven Curtis Chapman is a Paducah
native, and Rock and Roll Hall of Famers The Everly Brothers are
closely connected with Muhlenberg County, where older brother Don
was born. Kentucky was also home to Mildred and Patty Hill, the
Louisville sisters credited with composing the tune to the ditty
Happy Birthday to You; Loretta Lynn (Johnson County), and Billy
Ray Cyrus (Flatwoods). However, its depth lies in its signature
sound — Bluegrass music. Bill Monroe, "The Father of
Bluegrass", was born in the small Ohio County town of Rosine,
while Ricky Skaggs, Keith Whitley, David "Stringbean"
Akeman, Louis Marshall "Grandpa" Jones, Sonny and Bobby
Osborne, and Sam Bush (who has been compared to Monroe) all hail
from Kentucky. The International Bluegrass Music Museum is located
in Owensboro,[119] while the annual Festival of the Bluegrass is
held in Lexington.[120]
Kentucky is also home to famed jazz musician and pioneer, Lionel
Hampton (although this has been disputed in recent years).[121]
Blues legend W.C. Handy and R&B singer Wilson Pickett also spent
considerable time in Kentucky. The pop bands Midnight Star and Nappy
Roots were both formed in Kentucky, as were country acts The Kentucky
Headhunters and Montgomery Gentry, as well as Dove Award-winning
Christian groups Audio Adrenaline (rock) and Bride (metal).
[edit] Cuisine
Main article: Cuisine of Kentucky
Kentucky's cuisine, like much of the state's culture, is unique
and is considered to blend elements of both the South and Midwest,
given its location between the two regions.[122][123] One original
Kentucky dish is called the Hot Brown, a layered dish normally in
this order: bread, tomatoes, turkey, bacon, and topped with melted
cheese. It was developed at the Brown Hotel in Louisville.[124]
The Pendennis Club in Louisville is the Birthplace of the drink
The Old Fashioned.
[edit] Sports
Kentucky's Churchill Downs hosts the Kentucky Derby.Main article:
Sports in Kentucky
Kentucky is the home of several sports teams such as Minor League
Baseballs Class A Lexington Legends and AAA Louisville Bats. They
are also home to the Frontier Leagues Florence Freedom and several
teams in the MCFL. They are also the home of the Louisville Fire
of the af2 who appear to be interested in making a move up to the
"major league" Arena Football League Major league teams
in nearby cities, typically have strong fan support depending on
the part of the state, with Nashville teams having strong fan support
in South Central and most of Western Kentucky, Nashville and St.
Louis teams competing for loyalties in the Purchase, Indianapolis
and Chicago teams predominating in the Louisville area, and Cincinnati
teams having strong support in Central and Eastern Kentucky. The
northern part of the state lies across the Ohio River from Cincinnati,
which is home to a National Football League team, the Bengals, and
a Major League Baseball team, the Reds. It is not uncommon for fans
to park in the city of Newport and use the Newport Southbank Pedestrian
Bridge, locally known as the "Purple People Bridge," to
walk to these games in Cincinnati. Many restaurants and stores in
Newport rely on business from these fans. Also, Georgetown College
in Georgetown is the location for the Bengals' summer training camp.[125]
As in many states, especially those without major league professional
sport teams, college athletics are very important. This is especially
true of the state's three Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)
programs, including the Kentucky Wildcats, the Western Kentucky
University Hilltoppers, and the Louisville Cardinals. The Wildcats,
Hilltoppers, and Cardinals are among the most tradition-rich college
basketball teams in the United States, combining for nine championships
and 22 NCAA Final Fours; and all three are on the lists of total
all-time wins, wins per season, and average wins per season. Louisville
has also stepped onto the football scene in recent years, with eight
straight bowl games, including the 2007 Orange Bowl. Western Kentucky,
the 2002 national champion in Division I-AA football (now Division
I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), is currently transitioning
to Division I FBS football.
[edit] State symbols
Main article: List of Kentucky state insignia
See also: Flag of Kentucky and Seal of Kentucky
Insignia Symbol Binomial nomenclature Year Adopted[126]
Official State Bird Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis 1926
Official State Butterfly Viceroy Butterfly Limenitis archippus 1990
Official State Dance Clogging 2001
Official State Beverage Milk 2005
Official State Fish Kentucky Spotted Bass Micropterus punctulatus
2005
Official State Fossil Brachiopod undetermined 1985
Official State Flower Goldenrod Soldiago gigantea 1926
Official State Fruit Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis 2004
Official State Gemstone Freshwater Pearl 1986
State Grass Kentucky Bluegrass Poa pratensis Traditional
Official State Latin Motto "Deo gratiam habeamus"
("With gratitude to God")
2002
Official State Horse Thoroughbred Equus caballus 1996
Official State Mineral Coal 1998
Official State Outdoor Musical "The Stephen Foster Story"
(now called "Stephen Foster - The Musical") 2002
Official State Instrument Appalachian Dulcimer 2001
State Nickname "The Bluegrass State" Traditional
Official State Rock Kentucky Agate 2000
Official State Slogan "Kentucky: Unbridled Spirit" 2004[127]
Official State Soil Crider Soil Series 1990
Official State Tree Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 1994
Official Wild Animal Game Species Gray Squirrel Sciurus carolinensis
1968
Official State Song "My Old Kentucky Home"
(revised version)
1986
Official State Silverware Pattern Old Kentucky Blue Grass:
The Georgetown Pattern
1996
Official State Music Bluegrass music 2007[128]
[edit] Official state places and events
State arboretum: Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest
State botanical garden: The Arboretum: State Botanical Garden of
Kentucky
State Science Center: Louisville Science Center
State center for celebration of African American heritage: Kentucky
Center for African American Heritage
State honey festival: Clarkson Honeyfest[129]
State amphitheater: Iroquois Amphitheater (Louisville)
State tug-o-war championship: The Fordsville Tug-of-War Championship
Covered Bridge Capital of Kentucky: Fleming County
Official Covered Bridge of Kentucky: Switzer Covered Bridge (Franklin
County)
Official steam locomotive of Kentucky: "Old 152" (located
in the Kentucky Railway Museum in New Haven)
Official pipe band: Louisville Pipe Band
State bourbon festival: Kentucky Bourbon Festival, Incorporated,
of Bardstown, Kentucky
CONTACT
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